Ethnography. Studies of Native Americans: Catlin's reproduction of the markings on a Mandan buffalo skin robe; concentric circles of elaborately decorated sun and starbursts puncutated with tassles are encircled by a bow, arrows, wounded animals, deer, buffalo, rifles or muskets, a tomahwak, mounted warriors with spears and a scene of a warrior driving a spear through another in battle.

Ethnography. Studies of Native Americans: Catlin's reproduction of the markings on a Sioux warrior's buffalo skin robe; one section of the image shows buffalos mating, two long pipes decorated with stylized sunbursts and feathers, and flanked on each side by five rifles or muskets while the other section shows patterns of wavy dashes studded with tassles.

Ethnography. Studies of Native Americans: a ritual of exchange between Fox and Saukie tribes; Saukie warriors in need of horses sit in a circle outside a Fox village to 'smoke', or beg for horses. Fox men ride around the circle, each choosing a recipient for his horse and whipping his shoulders till blood is drawn. The bridle is then presented to the Saukie with the ritual phrase Catlin translated as "Friend, you are a begger, and I give you the best horse in the Fox Nation, but you will carry my mark upon your shoulders".

Ethnography. Studies of Native Americans: Catlin's view of a prairie dog 'village', an area of the plains marked by hundreds of small mounds studded with the burrows of the rodent called the prairie dog- a close relative of the marmot and ground squirrel

Studies of Native Americans: a distance view of Ft. Pierre, South Dakota, a fur company trading post on the Little Missiouri River, with a Sioux village of over 1400 peaked wigwam tents on the plains surrounding the fort

Ethnography. Studies of Native Americans: a Chief in robes stands in a depression in the ground speaking while encircled by men lying partially buried in the sand with only their faces showing and passing a long pipe. Women and children watch from the entrances of wigwams decorated with images of buffalo hunts and stylized turtles

Ethnography. Studies of Native Americans: a man wearing a bear skin with head and claws and the horns of a bull stands with his foot on the chest of a dying warrior, shaking a tamborine-like drum/ rattle adorned with the skins of frogs, rattlesnakes, a duck, fox pelts and feathers and holding a saw-edged spear. A woman and child sit nearby mourning and weeping, while the village encircles the group weeping and covering their mouths

Ethnography. Studies of Native Americans: a distance view of the Winnebago tribe of the Ojibbeway in eastern Wisconsin on the Fox River; many canoes fan out across the grassy river and wetlands so men and women can bend the wild rice stalks over the canoes and use sticks to thresh the seed from the stalk; some men shoot waterfowl from the canoes with rifles

Ethnography. Studies of Native Americans: a Rite of Passage for a young warrior who must kill a buffalo and make a shield from the skin; inside a circle of shields, a young man stands over a skin stretched on the ground over a smoky fire to harden the leather, while warriors dance around him with bows, tomahawks and shields and sing to purify and instill the power of protection in the shield